ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To review the literature and present a current picture of the evolution in radical prostatectomy from the laparoscopic point of view. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted an extensive Medline literature search. Articles obtained regarding laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) and our experience at Institut Montsouris were used for reassessing anatomical and technical issues in radical prostatectomy. RESULTS: LRP nuances were reassessed by surgical teams in order to verify possible weaknesses in their performance. Our basic approach was to carefully study the anatomy and pioneer open surgery descriptions in order to standardized and master a technique. The learning curve is presented in terms of an objective evaluation of outcomes for cancer control and functional results. In terms of technique-outcomes, there are several key elements in radical prostatectomy, such as dorsal vein control-apex exposure and nerve sparing with particular implications in oncological and functional results. Major variations among the surgical teams' performance and follow-up prevented objective comparisons in radical prostatectomy. The remarkable evolution of LRP needs to be supported by comprehensive results. CONCLUSIONS: Radical prostatectomy is a complex surgical operation with difficult objectives. Surgical technique should be standardized in order to allow an adequate and reliable performance in all settings, keeping in mind that cancer control remains the primary objective. Reassessing anatomy and a return to basics in surgical technique is the means to improve outcomes and overcome the difficult task of the learning curve, especially in minimally access urological surgery.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Laparoscopy/methods , Prostate/surgery , Prostatectomy/methods , Prostatic Neoplasms/surgery , Robotics/methods , Prostatectomy/trends , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
El tratamiento del cáncer vesical de células transicionales con invasión muscular sigue siendo difícil, debido a los múltiples patrones de comportamiento biológico que muestra esta enfermedad. Existe controversia en cuanto a la aplicación de tratamiento sistémico en cáncer invasor vesical y el tiempo ideal de indicación de la quimioterapia perioperatoria. Se presenta una visión general de la terapia sistémica en cáncer invasor vesical.
Defining adequate therapy in every patient with invasive transitional cell carcinoma remains difficult, because multiple biologic behavior patterns can be found in this disease. There is controversy regarding the use of systemic treatment in invasive bladder carcinoma and the momentum for chemotherapy deployment. We present an overview of current trends for systemic treatment in bladder carcinoma.